How to avoid an echo chamber? Here's a story: A group of foreigners stole some treasures and were caught by a warlord. Because of the language barrier, they had to ask an old man to translate. To save their lives, the foreigners fully disclosed where they hid the treasures; the old man then turned around and told the warlord that they would rather die than submit, and even insulted him, daring him to crush them if he had the guts. The warlord was furious on the spot and executed them all. That night, the old man carried a shovel and dug up the treasures to take them home. This story illustrates one thing: the outcome is never decided just by guns or money, but by who controls the information channels. The warlord thought he heard the truth, but what he heard was only the version the translator wanted him to hear; the foreigners thought they had clearly communicated the truth, but their survival information never actually reached him. Both sides act based on their "reality," but they don’t realize that this reality has already been rewritten by the middleman. This is the deepest layer of the echo chamber: you’re not lacking information, but all the information you access has been filtered, altered, or even deliberately distorted by others. Once you have to rely on someone or a channel to understand the world, your judgment is no longer truly your own. So, do you still often watch those streamers explaining things? Text is easier to question and verify, while videos are more likely to create an echo chamber.