Rapid Adoption of Bitchat Under Communication Restrictions—A Phenomenon During Uganda's Election Period

During Uganda's presidential election period, an unexpected phenomenon occurred due to a nationwide internet blackout. The encrypted communication app Bitchat gained significant attention in this environment, simultaneously reaching the top download rankings on both the Apple App Store and Google Play. This rapid adoption exemplifies how strong demand for information and technological innovation can interact.

Technical Advantages of Bitchat

The reason Bitchat was chosen lies in its unique communication technology. The app utilizes Bluetooth Mesh networks to enable encrypted communication even without internet connectivity. The ability to exchange secure information over short distances when traditional communication methods are blocked was attractive to many users.

Uganda's Policies and Citizens' Reactions

The Uganda Communications Commission officially confirmed that network shutdowns began at 6 p.m. local time on Tuesday and would continue throughout the election period. The authorities cited the prevention of misinformation during the election as the purpose of this measure. However, opposition groups expressed concerns that this could restrict the flow of election-related information altogether. Interestingly, although the executive director of the Uganda Communications Commission previously stated that network shutdowns would not be implemented, they ultimately proceeded with the measures.

Citizens' responses were diverse. In addition to downloading Bitchat, several VPN apps also ranked high in download charts, indicating proactive efforts by citizens to access information. As of early January, over 400,000 users in Uganda had downloaded Bitchat, demonstrating the rapid spread of the app.

Historical Context and Recurrent Measures

This network shutdown marks the third time Uganda has implemented nationwide restrictions during a presidential election period. Similar measures were taken during the 2016 and 2021 elections, making network restrictions a well-established policy during election periods in the country.

Global Spread

According to reports, Bitchat has recently become widely used in countries where internet access is restricted or in regions affected by sudden disasters. Its importance as an alternative communication method capable of adapting to various environmental changes is gradually being recognized. The Uganda case exemplifies how communication technology responds to political and social changes.