加密数字货币交易所-《论语》详解：给所有曲解孔子的人-孟懿子问孝。子曰：“无违”。樊迟御，子告之曰：“孟孙问孝於我，我对曰，”无违。””樊迟曰：“何谓也？”子曰：“生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。”

Mèng Yìzǐ asked about filial piety. The Master said, “Do not violate.” Fán Chí was driving the carriage, and the Master told him, “Mèng Sūn asked me about filial piety, and I replied, ‘Do not violate.’” Fán Chí asked, “What does that mean?” The Master said, “When alive, serve them with礼; when dead, bury them with礼; when祭祀 them with礼.”

Yáng Bójùn: Mèng Yìzǐ asked Confucius about filial piety. Confucius said, “Do not violate礼.” Not long after, Fán Chí was driving the Master’s carriage, and the Master told him, “Mèng Sūn asked me about filial piety, and I replied, ‘Do not violate礼.’” Fán Chí asked, “What does that mean?” The Master said, “When parents are alive, serve them according to礼; when they die, bury them according to礼; and祭祀 them according to礼.”

Qián Mù: Mèng Yìzǐ asked, “What is filial piety?” The Master said, “Do not violate.” One day, Fán Chí was driving the Master’s carriage, and the Master told him, “Mèng Sūn asked me about filial piety, and I told him, ‘Do not violate.’” Fán Chí asked, “What does that mean?” The Master said, “When parents are alive, serve them with礼; after death, bury them with礼; and祭祀 them with礼.”

Lǐ Zéhòu: Mèng Yìzǐ asked how to be filial. Confucius replied, “Do not violate.” Fán Chí was driving the Master’s carriage, and Confucius said to him, “Mèng Yìzǐ asked me how to be filial. I answered, ‘Do not violate.’” Fán Chí asked, “What does that mean?” Confucius said, “When parents are alive, serve them according to礼; after death, bury them according to礼; and祭祀 them according to礼.”

Detailed explanation:

“Filial piety” for Confucius and the Confucian tradition is just a very everyday concept. In Confucius’s view, there is absolutely no idea of the later distorted concept of “ruling the world with filial piety.” Mèng Yìzǐ, a noble of Lu, whose father asked him to learn礼 from Confucius, is considered one of Confucius’s early disciples, but this person has a somewhat Judas-like relationship to Confucius, so he is generally not regarded as a disciple later on.

“Violate” originally means “to leave” or “depart.” “Do not violate” means not to depart from the current social reality, including culture, economy, etc. Later, some people interpret “do not violate” as not to disobey parents, which is clearly incorrect and inconsistent with practical circumstances. Do children of murderers or arsonists not have filial piety? Should their children also commit murder or arson to be considered “not violating”? Moreover, Confucius later explains “do not violate” as “when alive, serve with礼; when dead, bury with礼; and祭祀 with礼.” Here, Confucius emphasizes “礼,” which is repeatedly mentioned in the Analects. Many related issues must be gradually addressed later, but the first thing to understand is that for Confucius, “礼” is about the present, not an eternal, unchanging ritual beyond reality.

“礼” initially relates to “rituals” for worshiping gods and seeking blessings, and then extends to various social behaviors as customary norms. These are necessarily connected to the current society itself. “Filial piety” is also a customary norm, with a present-oriented nature. Therefore, in Confucius’s view, the so-called “filial piety” is a manifestation within the dynamic system of social behavioral norms. There are no a priori standards that make “filial piety” absolutely unchangeable. If your parents are traitors or war criminals like Hideki Tojo, then betraying family is the greatest “filial piety,” which is truly “not violating.”

Chánzhōng Shuō Chán Plain language literal translation:

Mèng Yìzǐ asked about filial piety. The Master said, “Do not violate.” Fán Chí was driving the carriage, and the Master told him, “Mèng Sūn asked me about filial piety, and I replied, ‘Do not violate.’” Fán Chí asked, “What does that mean?” The Master said, “When alive, serve them with礼 according to current social norms; when they die, bury and祭祀 them according to current social norms.”

Mèng Yìzǐ asked about filial piety. Confucius said, “Do not leave.” Fán Chí was driving the carriage for Confucius, and Confucius told him, “Mèng Sūn asked me about filial piety, and I answered, ‘Do not leave.’” Fán Chí asked, “What does that mean?” Confucius said, “When parents are alive, serve them according to current social norms; when they die, bury and祭祀 them according to current social norms.”

Zǐ Yóu asked about filial piety. The Master said, “The current filial piety is called being able to support. As for dogs and horses, everyone can support them; if there is no敬, how can one distinguish?”

Yáng Bójùn: Zǐ Yóu asked about filial piety. Confucius said, “The so-called filial piety nowadays is just being able to support one’s parents. As for dogs and horses, everyone can support them; if there is no sincere敬 to parents, then how can supporting them be distinguished from supporting dogs and horses?”

Qián Mù: Zǐ Yóu asked, “What is filial piety?” The Master said, “Nowadays, people only consider supporting their parents as filial piety. Even dogs and horses can be supported by someone. Without sincere敬 to parents, where is the distinction?”

Lǐ Zéhòu: Zǐ Yóu asked how to be filial. Confucius said, “Today, so-called filial piety only talks about supporting parents. People support dogs and horses just as well. If there is no敬 in the heart, what is the difference?”