As for modularization, I've been observing it for a while and feel that the biggest change for end-users is actually quite "imperceptible": you click confirm, wait for the packaging, pay the transaction fee, and the process hasn't changed. What has changed is how the backend operates — transactions might first run on a certain execution layer, then the results are stored in the data layer for proof, and finally the settlement layer determines wins or losses. For someone like me who focuses on addresses, it manifests as more fragmented transfers and more convoluted routing: the same action split into several parts, crossing bridges, rollups, CEX deposits and withdrawals back and forth, making it necessary to follow two more layers.

Recently, the set of staking and shared security has been called a "nested doll," which I can also understand: users see "another layer of staking, another layer of yield," but on-chain, it results in more contract interactions and more complex fund paths. Anyway, what I care about now is whether the money ultimately returns to a withdrawable place, and which entry points are becoming more concentrated.