Ethereum Foundation Researcher: VOPS and some stateless nodes can reduce storage requirements by 25 times

MeNews · 2026-04-07T12:30:25+00:00

Ethereum Foundation researcher CPerezz introduced the "Partially Stateless Validity-Only Proofs" (VOPS) scheme at the EthCC conference, aiming to reduce Ethereum node storage requirements, support low-resource nodes to participate in transactions, and enhance decentralization security. The scheme updates account tables through state differentials without storing complete contracts, reducing node storage needs by up to 25 times.

MeNews

2026-04-07 12:30:25

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ME News update, April 1 (UTC+8), Ethereum Foundation researcher CPerezz presented the “Verifying Only the Validity Part Stateless” scheme (VOPS) at EthCC[9]. He noted that Ethereum’s state continues to balloon, posing a long-term threat to decentralization and constantly raising the storage threshold for running full nodes. With VOPS, a node only needs to store four fields for each externally owned account (EOA): the storage address, Nonce, balance, and the code flag (codeFlag). It does not need to store the complete contract code and the storage trie, which can reduce node storage requirements by 25 times. The scheme uses Verkle tree multi-proof or SNARK proofs generated by zkVM to verify state transitions, and updates the local account table through “state diffs” (State Diffs), without executing full block transactions. In addition, VOPS supports nodes with low hardware configurations to maintain the mempool and integrate with the FOCIL mechanism, ensuring that transaction inclusion for ordinary users is supported. CPerezz believes that VOPS is an intermediate stage on Ethereum’s path toward fully stateless operation, balancing nodes’ ability to perform autonomous verification with a low participation threshold. (Source: Foresight News)

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