Vitalik Posts Explaining Ethereum Scaling Plans, Covering Short-term Gas Optimization and Long-term ZK-EVM Phased Deployment

Ethereum Co-founder Vitalik Buterin posted on X stating that Ethereum scaling is divided into short-term and long-term phases.
In the short term, the Glamsterdam upgrade will introduce block-level access lists to enable parallel verification, ePBS will allow the use of larger slot proportions for block validation, and gas re-pricing will ensure operation costs align with actual execution times.
A multi-dimensional Gas mechanism will be implemented in phases, starting with separating the "state creation" cost from the "execution and calldata" costs in Glamsterdam, with state creation Gas not counting towards the approximately 16 million transaction Gas cap. An "reservoir" dimension mechanism will be introduced at the EVM layer, with a default priority to consume dedicated dimension Gas, drawing from the reservoir when insufficient, and later transitioning to multi-dimensional pricing, where different dimensions can have different floating Gas prices.
Long-term scaling includes ZK-EVM and blob components. For blob, the plan is to iteratively improve PeerDAS, aiming for about 8MB of data processing capacity per second, with future Ethereum block data directly entering the blob.
ZK-EVM will be advanced in phases: by 2026, there will be validator clients supporting ZK-EVM, allowing about 5% of the network to rely on it; by 2027, the support will expand to a larger minority of nodes, along with formal verification efforts; once conditions are mature, a five-out-of-three proof mechanism will be adopted, ultimately continuously enhancing the security and formal verification level of ZK-EVM, including work on RISC-V and other VM changes.