Essential Check Writing Guide: From Basics to Back-of-Check Endorsements

In today’s digital-first banking world, checks might seem antiquated, but they remain a cornerstone of financial transactions. Whether you’re paying utilities, receiving a paycheck, or managing business finances, understanding how to properly handle checks—especially what to write on back of check during endorsement—is essential knowledge that every account holder should possess.

Understanding Your Check’s Key Components

Before you put pen to paper, you need to familiarize yourself with three critical identifiers on every printed check. Each of these numbers serves a specific purpose in banking operations:

The routing number is your bank’s unique nine-digit identification code. You’ll use this for online transfers, ACH payments, and wire transfers. Your account number is the individual identifier for your checking account. The check number appears twice on your check—both in the upper right corner and beside your account number—allowing you to track each check sequentially.

Understanding these three components prevents errors and helps maintain accurate financial records throughout your banking relationship.

Step-By-Step: Writing a Valid Check

Getting the basics right ensures your check won’t bounce and reaches the intended recipient without issues. Here’s the proper sequence:

Start with the date in the upper right corner. This indicates when you authorized the payment and helps the recipient track when the check was issued. Always use the current date or a future date if intentionally post-dating.

Fill in the payee name on the “Pay to the Order of” line. Accuracy matters here—if you’re unsure of the exact legal name, verify it beforehand to prevent delays or rejection.

Enter the numerical amount in the box on the right side, writing as far left as possible. This prevents fraudsters from adding digits to increase the amount (turning $100 into $2,100, for example).

Write out the amount in words on the line below the payee. This is legally binding—if discrepancies exist between numerical and written amounts, the written version takes precedence. For example, $243.26 becomes “Two hundred forty-three dollars and 26/100.”

Add a memo if needed. This section helps you track the payment’s purpose later. Include your account number when paying utilities, your Social Security number for taxes, or a vendor reference for business payments.

Sign the check on the bottom right line. Your signature confirms you authorize this payment and agree to the specified amount. Without a valid signature, the check is worthless.

The Critical Question: What to Write on Back of Check

When you receive a check, endorsing it properly is non-negotiable before deposit or cashing. The back of the check has a designated endorsement area, typically marked with guidelines stating “Endorse here” and warnings not to write below certain lines (as that space is reserved for bank processing).

Blank endorsement is simplest—just sign your name on the back. However, this creates security risks. Once signed, anyone holding the check could potentially cash it. This method works for ATM or mobile deposits when you’re immediately depositing.

Secure endorsement adds protection. Write “For Deposit Only to Account Number XXXXXXXXX” and then sign below it. This restricts the check to depositing only, preventing it from being cashed if lost or stolen. Ideally, add your signature moments before depositing.

Third-party endorsement allows you to transfer a check to someone else without re-depositing and re-issuing. Write “Pay to the order of [Person’s Name]” and sign as usual. However, many banks reject third-party checks, so verify first.

Mobile deposit endorsement may require specific language like “For Mobile Deposit To [Bank Name]” depending on your institution’s requirements.

Business endorsement requires an authorized company representative’s signature, the business name, job title, and often “For Deposit Only” restrictions.

Multiple payee scenarios depend on how the check is written. If it says “Jane and John Doe,” both must endorse. If it says “Jane or John Doe,” either one can endorse.

The golden rule: the name you sign on the back must match exactly how the payee’s name appears on the front. If misspelled, sign it both ways—first the incorrect spelling, then the correct one.

Depositing Your Check: Multiple Methods Available

Once properly endorsed, you have several deposit options:

Visit your bank branch in person with valid ID. Present your endorsed check to a teller and indicate whether you want it cashed or deposited.

Use ATM deposits if your bank offers this service. Endorse the check beforehand, insert it (sometimes in an envelope), and follow on-screen prompts. Some ATMs process checks instantly; others take 1-2 business days.

Mobile check deposit apps have revolutionized banking convenience. Photograph the front and back of your endorsed check, enter the amount, select your target account, and submit. Keep the original check until funds clear and appear in your account, typically within 1-3 business days.

Ordering Checks and Maintaining Records

When you run out of checks, order through your bank’s website, visit your branch, call customer service, or use third-party check suppliers. You’ll need your routing number, account number, and desired check starting number.

Track every check you write. Use a check register, spreadsheet, or banking app to record: check number, date, payee, description, and amount. This prevents bounced checks and overdrafts.

Reconcile monthly. Compare your records against your bank statement to catch discrepancies early and confirm all transactions are accounted for.

Practice check security. Always use pen (not pencil) to prevent erasure. Never sign blank checks or checks made payable to “Cash.” Don’t leave space for someone to add amounts. These simple practices prevent costly fraud.

Special Scenarios and Frequently Asked Questions

Can you write a check to yourself? Yes, it’s perfectly legal. This is a withdrawal method—write your name on the payee line, endorse the back, and deposit or cash it. Mobile payment apps offer faster alternatives, but checks work if that’s your preference.

Is post-dating legal? Generally yes, though state laws vary. A post-dated check carries a future date, typically used when you don’t have funds yet or you’re sending payment early.

What if your name is misspelled? Sign the back exactly as written on the front, then sign again with the correct spelling. Most banks will accept both signatures.

Can you deposit checks at any ATM? Not all ATMs accept checks. Ask your bank which machines offer this service and follow their specific procedures.

Writing checks to government agencies? For the IRS, make checks payable to “U.S. Treasury,” include your name, address, phone number, Social Security number, tax year, and relevant form number. Contact the IRS or your tax professional for the correct mailing address.

Final Thoughts

Despite digital banking’s rise, check knowledge remains practically essential. Mastering check writing, understanding what to write on back of check during endorsement, and knowing deposit methods puts you in control of your financial transactions. Whether you’re managing personal finances or business accounts, these fundamental skills ensure your money reaches its destination safely and your financial records stay accurate and audit-ready.