Monad Ecological Guide: Consumer dApp

Advanced2/8/2025, 6:58:35 AM
This article delves into the consumer-grade dApp innovations within the Monad ecosystem, showcasing how its high-performance blockchain is driving the widespread adoption of Web3 applications. It thoroughly explores projects in multiple fields, including decentralized finance (Narrative), gamified social (LootGO), physical business payments (PaperPlane), and NFT issuance and trading (Bloc.im). These projects leverage Monad’s high throughput (10,000 TPS), low gas fees, and EVM compatibility, offering users an efficient, cost-effective, and user-friendly experience.

Forward the Original Title: Monad Ecosystem Guide: Consumer dApp Part 2

The Monad ecosystem brings together a rich and rapidly growing variety of consumer-grade dApps. These applications fully capitalize on Monad’s high performance, low gas fees, and high transaction throughput, enhancing user experiences in an EVM-compatible environment. This issue introduces consumer projects in the Monad ecosystem, covering multiple areas such as on-chain transactions, gamified social interaction, physical business payments, and NFT issuance and trading. It fully demonstrates the breadth and depth of decentralized applications in the Web3 era.

Narrative

@narrativexyz is an innovative native DeFi protocol built on Monad, designed to simplify users’ investment strategies in the hot narratives of the crypto market. Instead of requiring traders to manually track and time investments in individual tokens related to different narratives, Narrative allows users to gain overall exposure to specific themes through curated asset baskets. This approach reduces the complexity for users engaging in speculative market trends such as AI Agents, DePIN, Meme sectors, and other popular sectors.

The protocol introduces data-driven dynamic vaults that support users in taking long or short positions on entire market narratives. By combining on-chain and off-chain AI data aggregation, Narrative ensures that asset allocation remains aligned with the latest market trends, providing users with more representative investment tools.

Example: The Narrative Shifts in the Crypto Industry from 2008 to 2022

Core functions

Get Exposure to Market Narratives through Thematic Asset Baskets

Long & Short Strategies: Users no longer need to pick individual tokens but can directly take long or short positions on entire market narratives.

Leverage Options: Narrative provides leveraged exposure, allowing traders to amplify their positions and improve capital efficiency.

Dynamic Rebalancing: The protocol continuously adjusts the asset allocations in each vault based on real-time market data, ensuring that the portfolios stay in tune with market trends.

Proprietary Data Aggregation Model

  • On-Chain & Off-Chain Data Analysis: Narrative aggregates data from multiple sources, including key metrics such as TVL (Total Value Locked), DAU (Daily Active Users), MAU (Monthly Active Users), and token velocity, to optimize asset allocation.
  • Meme Sector Sentiment Analysis: The protocol uses social media interaction data (such as Twitter mentions and community growth rate) to track speculative trends in the Meme sector, ensuring that vault configurations align with market sentiment.

Efficient Trading on Monad

  • High Throughput & Execution Efficiency: Monad supports up to 10,000 TPS, eliminating execution bottlenecks. Traders can execute asset rebalancing or leveraged trades with near-instant transactions, reducing slippage and market impact costs.
  • EVM Compatibility & Parallel Execution: Developers and traders can seamlessly integrate tools from the EVM ecosystem, while Monad’s parallel execution mechanism ensures that Narrative’s dynamic vaults can adjust in real time without causing transaction congestion or delays.
  • Low Latency & Cost Optimization: Narrative relies on high-frequency data rebalancing, requiring highly scalable blockchain infrastructure. Monad’s optimized virtual machine and parallel transaction processing provide the ideal execution environment. Compared to traditional DeFi thematic index funds that face high gas fees and delayed updates, Monad’s efficient execution layer significantly reduces operational costs, making Narrative highly suitable for small and medium-sized traders while enhancing overall market liquidity.

Benchmark Projects

  • @indexcoop: Provides index products similar to the DeFi Pulse Index, allowing users to gain exposure to the DeFi sector through a basket of assets.

The launch of Narrative marks the evolution of how traders participate in narrative-based investments in the crypto market. Users no longer need to manually select and manage multiple tokens but can efficiently gain exposure to entire sectors using data-driven vaults. This model improves capital efficiency while reducing the risk of poor token selection. With the growing influence of AI trading strategies and on-chain sentiment analysis in the market, Narrative is set to become a foundational tool for retail and institutional investors tracking market trends and seizing opportunities.

Relying on Monad’s high-performance infrastructure, along with proprietary data aggregation, dynamic vault rebalancing, and an efficient trading environment, Narrative offers a more powerful narrative trading experience, enhancing market efficiency. As the crypto market matures, tools like Narrative have the potential to reshape the flow of speculative capital across the ecosystem, leading new market development directions.


LootGO

@lootgoapp is a mobile dApp that transforms daily walking into an interactive treasure-hunting game through the “Walk-to-Earn” mechanism. Users can collect Loot Boxes by completing step goals or exploring specific locations, earning various meme tokens as rewards. By combining familiar game mechanics with blockchain incentives, LootGO aims to bring cryptocurrency closer to the general public, making it more entertaining and engaging.

LootGO received widespread attention during its presentation at the Monad Madness Pitch Competition in Bangkok.

Core Features

  • Walk and Earn: Users collect Loot Boxes by meeting step goals or visiting specific locations, promoting physical activity and encouraging a healthy lifestyle.
  • Open Loot Boxes: Users can open Loot Boxes to receive random meme tokens without any upfront investment, adding an element of surprise and fun to the game.
  • Build Your Crypto Portfolio: LootGO provides tools for users to manage and trade the meme tokens they receive, helping them become more familiar with cryptocurrency investment and management.

Through in-depth collaboration with Monad’s native projects, LootGO has become a go-to daily dApp in the Monad ecosystem.

Integration with Monad

Monad provides several technical advantages that significantly enhance LootGO’s functionality, taking its interactivity and user experience to new heights:

High Throughput: Monad can process up to 10,000 transactions per second (TPS), ensuring that LootGO users enjoy a fast and seamless experience while collecting loot and opening boxes.

Low Transaction Fees: Monad offers near-zero gas fees, making LootGO’s frequent on-chain interactions cost-effective and ensuring users don’t worry about high transaction fees, which in turn increases overall user participation.

EVM Compatibility: Monad is fully compatible with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), allowing LootGO to seamlessly integrate with existing Ethereum ecosystem tools and smart contracts. This accelerates development and opens up more possibilities for features.

Benchmark Project

@Stepnofficial: A “Move-to-Earn” app where users earn tokens by walking, jogging, or running, which shares similarities with LootGO in the gamified exercise rewards space.

With Monad’s powerful technical support, LootGO aims to provide an efficient, low-cost, and highly interactive user experience, combining fitness with cryptocurrency incentives. This creates a seamless Web3 experience that is more accessible and acceptable to mainstream users.

PaperPlane

@paperplaneguide is a native Web3 payment and rewards platform within the Monad ecosystem, dedicated to providing users with a flexible and secure digital asset payment experience. Its core mission is to promote the widespread adoption of cryptocurrency payments while enhancing user engagement and interaction through an instant cashback mechanism.

PaperPlane has already launched in cities such as Taipei, Hong Kong, and Bangkok, with plans for further expansion into more regions. It is also partnering with various F&B brands to promote the broad use of cryptocurrency payments in real-world consumer scenarios.

Core Features

1.Support mixed payment of legal currency and cryptocurrency:

PaperPlane is compatible with credit cards, Apple Pay and a variety of mainstream cryptocurrencies, allowing users to seamlessly use digital assets in traditional payment scenarios, improving the practical usability of cryptocurrencies.

2.Offline physical store payment scenarios:

Unlike many crypto payment tools that focus on online payments, PaperPlane mainly supports payments at physical stores, such as high-quality merchants such as Michelin-recommended restaurants, allowing users to easily use cryptocurrency for consumption in the real world.

3.Instant Cashback Rewards:

After each transaction is completed, PaperPlane instantly returns crypto assets or fiat currency rewards.

This mechanism not only increases users’ willingness to pay, but also expands the platform’s ecological influence through the reward sharing mechanism.

4.Token cashback mechanism that does not require KYC:

By cooperating with local exchanges and complying with regulatory requirements, PaperPlane enables Web2 users to obtain mainstream cryptocurrencies such as BTC and ETH as rewards without the need for cumbersome KYC, and can be used directly for consumption.

This breakthrough design makes Web3 payments more friendly to a wider user base and accelerates the mainstream adoption of cryptocurrency.

5.Minimalist and friendly user experience:

PaperPlane attaches great importance to user interface design to ensure that even cryptocurrency newbies can quickly find offline stores that support PaperPlane payment and become familiar with the payment process.

In just a few simple steps, users can quickly complete payments or receive funds, significantly reducing the learning cost of Web3 payments and making more users willing to try encrypted payment methods.

Founder Larry of PaperPlane shares his experience of developing in the Monad ecosystem in the Monad Chinese community

PaperPlane, leveraging industry resources, has partnered with 50 of Asia’s top bars to launch a “Drink-to-Earn” model— the more you drink, the more you save—offering consumers a new Web3 experience. Through Monad’s high-performance blockchain technology, PaperPlane ensures the smoothness and cost-efficiency of the entire payment and reward process, making cryptocurrency payments and cashback mechanisms more intuitive and easy to use. This increases user acceptance and usage frequency, allowing the Web3 experience to seamlessly integrate into real life.

Bloc.im

Bloc.im is an emerging platform focused on NFT issuance and its ecosystem development, designed to help creators easily create and launch NFT collections and further expand them into a complete tokenized ecosystem. Currently, Bloc.im is preparing for its public beta launch on Monad’s testnet, with more details yet to be disclosed, but existing information highlights several unique features of the platform:

Core Features

  1. NFT Series Creation and Pricing Mechanism:
    • Supply and Pricing Configuration: Creators can set the total supply of NFTs and use a “Step Pricing Curve” to determine prices, aligning with market demand.
    • Sales Threshold Triggers Token Generation: Creators can set specific sales thresholds (e.g., 70% of NFTs sold). Once the threshold is met, the corresponding tokens will automatically be generated, further empowering NFT holders.
  2. Token Generation and Liquidity Configuration:
    • Liquidity Allocation: A portion of the proceeds from NFT sales is automatically allocated to liquidity for the newly created tokens, ensuring market depth and price stability.
    • NFT Holders Claim Tokens: NFT holders can claim their corresponding tokens and choose different vesting options, allowing for flexible asset management.
  3. “Diamond Hand” Vesting Mechanism:
    • Long-Term Holding Incentive: A default linear vesting plan with a 1-year release period.
    • Early Unlock Penalty: For example, if an NFT holder withdraws tokens within 6 months, 50% of the unvested tokens will be burned, thus encouraging long-term holding and maintaining the stability of the token economy.

Monad-Enabled Bloc.im NFT Ecosystem

Bloc.im is built on the Monad blockchain, whose core advantages make NFT issuance and management more efficient and cost-effective:

  • High Throughput (10,000 TPS): Ensures a smooth experience for minting NFTs, trading, and token claiming.
  • Extremely Low Gas Fees: Reduces the costs of NFT transactions and liquidity configuration, optimizing user returns.
  • EVM Compatibility: Supports seamless integration with Ethereum ecosystem tools, accelerating development efficiency.

Bloc.im offers a new way for users to create NFT series and integrate them with a token economy through innovative mechanisms. The platform supports NFT issuance, pricing, token generation, and liquidity configuration, providing a more efficient NFT ecosystem for creators and investors. By leveraging Monad’s technological features, it offers an efficient, low-cost, and easy-to-manage NFT issuance solution, allowing creators to easily build an NFT economy while empowering NFT holders with more diverse asset appreciation methods.

Monad Consumer dApp Ecosystem: Expanding New Frontiers

In addition to the aforementioned projects, the Monad ecosystem continues to grow, with many outstanding consumer-facing dApps under development. These projects aim to break the boundaries of blockchain applications by deeply integrating Monad’s high-performance features into everyday life, covering fields such as transactions, gaming, payments, and asset ownership.

As more projects launch, the full potential of the Monad consumer dApp ecosystem will gradually unfold, further solidifying its position as the leading infrastructure for the next generation of apps.

Disclaimer:

  1. This article was republished from [X]. Forward the Original Title: Monad Ecosystem Guide: Consumer dApp Part 2. All rights to the original work belong to the author [@Harveycww]. If there are any objections to the republishing, please contact the Gate Learn Team, and the team will process it according to the relevant procedures.
  2. Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author alone and do not constitute investment advice.
  3. Other language versions of the article have been translated by the Gate Learn Team. Unless stated otherwise, reproduction, distribution, or plagiarism of the translated articles is prohibited.

Monad Ecological Guide: Consumer dApp

Advanced2/8/2025, 6:58:35 AM
This article delves into the consumer-grade dApp innovations within the Monad ecosystem, showcasing how its high-performance blockchain is driving the widespread adoption of Web3 applications. It thoroughly explores projects in multiple fields, including decentralized finance (Narrative), gamified social (LootGO), physical business payments (PaperPlane), and NFT issuance and trading (Bloc.im). These projects leverage Monad’s high throughput (10,000 TPS), low gas fees, and EVM compatibility, offering users an efficient, cost-effective, and user-friendly experience.

Forward the Original Title: Monad Ecosystem Guide: Consumer dApp Part 2

The Monad ecosystem brings together a rich and rapidly growing variety of consumer-grade dApps. These applications fully capitalize on Monad’s high performance, low gas fees, and high transaction throughput, enhancing user experiences in an EVM-compatible environment. This issue introduces consumer projects in the Monad ecosystem, covering multiple areas such as on-chain transactions, gamified social interaction, physical business payments, and NFT issuance and trading. It fully demonstrates the breadth and depth of decentralized applications in the Web3 era.

Narrative

@narrativexyz is an innovative native DeFi protocol built on Monad, designed to simplify users’ investment strategies in the hot narratives of the crypto market. Instead of requiring traders to manually track and time investments in individual tokens related to different narratives, Narrative allows users to gain overall exposure to specific themes through curated asset baskets. This approach reduces the complexity for users engaging in speculative market trends such as AI Agents, DePIN, Meme sectors, and other popular sectors.

The protocol introduces data-driven dynamic vaults that support users in taking long or short positions on entire market narratives. By combining on-chain and off-chain AI data aggregation, Narrative ensures that asset allocation remains aligned with the latest market trends, providing users with more representative investment tools.

Example: The Narrative Shifts in the Crypto Industry from 2008 to 2022

Core functions

Get Exposure to Market Narratives through Thematic Asset Baskets

Long & Short Strategies: Users no longer need to pick individual tokens but can directly take long or short positions on entire market narratives.

Leverage Options: Narrative provides leveraged exposure, allowing traders to amplify their positions and improve capital efficiency.

Dynamic Rebalancing: The protocol continuously adjusts the asset allocations in each vault based on real-time market data, ensuring that the portfolios stay in tune with market trends.

Proprietary Data Aggregation Model

  • On-Chain & Off-Chain Data Analysis: Narrative aggregates data from multiple sources, including key metrics such as TVL (Total Value Locked), DAU (Daily Active Users), MAU (Monthly Active Users), and token velocity, to optimize asset allocation.
  • Meme Sector Sentiment Analysis: The protocol uses social media interaction data (such as Twitter mentions and community growth rate) to track speculative trends in the Meme sector, ensuring that vault configurations align with market sentiment.

Efficient Trading on Monad

  • High Throughput & Execution Efficiency: Monad supports up to 10,000 TPS, eliminating execution bottlenecks. Traders can execute asset rebalancing or leveraged trades with near-instant transactions, reducing slippage and market impact costs.
  • EVM Compatibility & Parallel Execution: Developers and traders can seamlessly integrate tools from the EVM ecosystem, while Monad’s parallel execution mechanism ensures that Narrative’s dynamic vaults can adjust in real time without causing transaction congestion or delays.
  • Low Latency & Cost Optimization: Narrative relies on high-frequency data rebalancing, requiring highly scalable blockchain infrastructure. Monad’s optimized virtual machine and parallel transaction processing provide the ideal execution environment. Compared to traditional DeFi thematic index funds that face high gas fees and delayed updates, Monad’s efficient execution layer significantly reduces operational costs, making Narrative highly suitable for small and medium-sized traders while enhancing overall market liquidity.

Benchmark Projects

  • @indexcoop: Provides index products similar to the DeFi Pulse Index, allowing users to gain exposure to the DeFi sector through a basket of assets.

The launch of Narrative marks the evolution of how traders participate in narrative-based investments in the crypto market. Users no longer need to manually select and manage multiple tokens but can efficiently gain exposure to entire sectors using data-driven vaults. This model improves capital efficiency while reducing the risk of poor token selection. With the growing influence of AI trading strategies and on-chain sentiment analysis in the market, Narrative is set to become a foundational tool for retail and institutional investors tracking market trends and seizing opportunities.

Relying on Monad’s high-performance infrastructure, along with proprietary data aggregation, dynamic vault rebalancing, and an efficient trading environment, Narrative offers a more powerful narrative trading experience, enhancing market efficiency. As the crypto market matures, tools like Narrative have the potential to reshape the flow of speculative capital across the ecosystem, leading new market development directions.


LootGO

@lootgoapp is a mobile dApp that transforms daily walking into an interactive treasure-hunting game through the “Walk-to-Earn” mechanism. Users can collect Loot Boxes by completing step goals or exploring specific locations, earning various meme tokens as rewards. By combining familiar game mechanics with blockchain incentives, LootGO aims to bring cryptocurrency closer to the general public, making it more entertaining and engaging.

LootGO received widespread attention during its presentation at the Monad Madness Pitch Competition in Bangkok.

Core Features

  • Walk and Earn: Users collect Loot Boxes by meeting step goals or visiting specific locations, promoting physical activity and encouraging a healthy lifestyle.
  • Open Loot Boxes: Users can open Loot Boxes to receive random meme tokens without any upfront investment, adding an element of surprise and fun to the game.
  • Build Your Crypto Portfolio: LootGO provides tools for users to manage and trade the meme tokens they receive, helping them become more familiar with cryptocurrency investment and management.

Through in-depth collaboration with Monad’s native projects, LootGO has become a go-to daily dApp in the Monad ecosystem.

Integration with Monad

Monad provides several technical advantages that significantly enhance LootGO’s functionality, taking its interactivity and user experience to new heights:

High Throughput: Monad can process up to 10,000 transactions per second (TPS), ensuring that LootGO users enjoy a fast and seamless experience while collecting loot and opening boxes.

Low Transaction Fees: Monad offers near-zero gas fees, making LootGO’s frequent on-chain interactions cost-effective and ensuring users don’t worry about high transaction fees, which in turn increases overall user participation.

EVM Compatibility: Monad is fully compatible with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), allowing LootGO to seamlessly integrate with existing Ethereum ecosystem tools and smart contracts. This accelerates development and opens up more possibilities for features.

Benchmark Project

@Stepnofficial: A “Move-to-Earn” app where users earn tokens by walking, jogging, or running, which shares similarities with LootGO in the gamified exercise rewards space.

With Monad’s powerful technical support, LootGO aims to provide an efficient, low-cost, and highly interactive user experience, combining fitness with cryptocurrency incentives. This creates a seamless Web3 experience that is more accessible and acceptable to mainstream users.

PaperPlane

@paperplaneguide is a native Web3 payment and rewards platform within the Monad ecosystem, dedicated to providing users with a flexible and secure digital asset payment experience. Its core mission is to promote the widespread adoption of cryptocurrency payments while enhancing user engagement and interaction through an instant cashback mechanism.

PaperPlane has already launched in cities such as Taipei, Hong Kong, and Bangkok, with plans for further expansion into more regions. It is also partnering with various F&B brands to promote the broad use of cryptocurrency payments in real-world consumer scenarios.

Core Features

1.Support mixed payment of legal currency and cryptocurrency:

PaperPlane is compatible with credit cards, Apple Pay and a variety of mainstream cryptocurrencies, allowing users to seamlessly use digital assets in traditional payment scenarios, improving the practical usability of cryptocurrencies.

2.Offline physical store payment scenarios:

Unlike many crypto payment tools that focus on online payments, PaperPlane mainly supports payments at physical stores, such as high-quality merchants such as Michelin-recommended restaurants, allowing users to easily use cryptocurrency for consumption in the real world.

3.Instant Cashback Rewards:

After each transaction is completed, PaperPlane instantly returns crypto assets or fiat currency rewards.

This mechanism not only increases users’ willingness to pay, but also expands the platform’s ecological influence through the reward sharing mechanism.

4.Token cashback mechanism that does not require KYC:

By cooperating with local exchanges and complying with regulatory requirements, PaperPlane enables Web2 users to obtain mainstream cryptocurrencies such as BTC and ETH as rewards without the need for cumbersome KYC, and can be used directly for consumption.

This breakthrough design makes Web3 payments more friendly to a wider user base and accelerates the mainstream adoption of cryptocurrency.

5.Minimalist and friendly user experience:

PaperPlane attaches great importance to user interface design to ensure that even cryptocurrency newbies can quickly find offline stores that support PaperPlane payment and become familiar with the payment process.

In just a few simple steps, users can quickly complete payments or receive funds, significantly reducing the learning cost of Web3 payments and making more users willing to try encrypted payment methods.

Founder Larry of PaperPlane shares his experience of developing in the Monad ecosystem in the Monad Chinese community

PaperPlane, leveraging industry resources, has partnered with 50 of Asia’s top bars to launch a “Drink-to-Earn” model— the more you drink, the more you save—offering consumers a new Web3 experience. Through Monad’s high-performance blockchain technology, PaperPlane ensures the smoothness and cost-efficiency of the entire payment and reward process, making cryptocurrency payments and cashback mechanisms more intuitive and easy to use. This increases user acceptance and usage frequency, allowing the Web3 experience to seamlessly integrate into real life.

Bloc.im

Bloc.im is an emerging platform focused on NFT issuance and its ecosystem development, designed to help creators easily create and launch NFT collections and further expand them into a complete tokenized ecosystem. Currently, Bloc.im is preparing for its public beta launch on Monad’s testnet, with more details yet to be disclosed, but existing information highlights several unique features of the platform:

Core Features

  1. NFT Series Creation and Pricing Mechanism:
    • Supply and Pricing Configuration: Creators can set the total supply of NFTs and use a “Step Pricing Curve” to determine prices, aligning with market demand.
    • Sales Threshold Triggers Token Generation: Creators can set specific sales thresholds (e.g., 70% of NFTs sold). Once the threshold is met, the corresponding tokens will automatically be generated, further empowering NFT holders.
  2. Token Generation and Liquidity Configuration:
    • Liquidity Allocation: A portion of the proceeds from NFT sales is automatically allocated to liquidity for the newly created tokens, ensuring market depth and price stability.
    • NFT Holders Claim Tokens: NFT holders can claim their corresponding tokens and choose different vesting options, allowing for flexible asset management.
  3. “Diamond Hand” Vesting Mechanism:
    • Long-Term Holding Incentive: A default linear vesting plan with a 1-year release period.
    • Early Unlock Penalty: For example, if an NFT holder withdraws tokens within 6 months, 50% of the unvested tokens will be burned, thus encouraging long-term holding and maintaining the stability of the token economy.

Monad-Enabled Bloc.im NFT Ecosystem

Bloc.im is built on the Monad blockchain, whose core advantages make NFT issuance and management more efficient and cost-effective:

  • High Throughput (10,000 TPS): Ensures a smooth experience for minting NFTs, trading, and token claiming.
  • Extremely Low Gas Fees: Reduces the costs of NFT transactions and liquidity configuration, optimizing user returns.
  • EVM Compatibility: Supports seamless integration with Ethereum ecosystem tools, accelerating development efficiency.

Bloc.im offers a new way for users to create NFT series and integrate them with a token economy through innovative mechanisms. The platform supports NFT issuance, pricing, token generation, and liquidity configuration, providing a more efficient NFT ecosystem for creators and investors. By leveraging Monad’s technological features, it offers an efficient, low-cost, and easy-to-manage NFT issuance solution, allowing creators to easily build an NFT economy while empowering NFT holders with more diverse asset appreciation methods.

Monad Consumer dApp Ecosystem: Expanding New Frontiers

In addition to the aforementioned projects, the Monad ecosystem continues to grow, with many outstanding consumer-facing dApps under development. These projects aim to break the boundaries of blockchain applications by deeply integrating Monad’s high-performance features into everyday life, covering fields such as transactions, gaming, payments, and asset ownership.

As more projects launch, the full potential of the Monad consumer dApp ecosystem will gradually unfold, further solidifying its position as the leading infrastructure for the next generation of apps.

Disclaimer:

  1. This article was republished from [X]. Forward the Original Title: Monad Ecosystem Guide: Consumer dApp Part 2. All rights to the original work belong to the author [@Harveycww]. If there are any objections to the republishing, please contact the Gate Learn Team, and the team will process it according to the relevant procedures.
  2. Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author alone and do not constitute investment advice.
  3. Other language versions of the article have been translated by the Gate Learn Team. Unless stated otherwise, reproduction, distribution, or plagiarism of the translated articles is prohibited.
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