يحذر اقتصادي نوبل من أن نقص الوظائف اليدوية هو من بين أكبر التهديدات للاقتصاد الأمريكي—وقد انخفضت بأكثر من 100,000 وظيفة العام الماضي

الحائز على جائزة نوبل في الاقتصاد جوزيف ستiglitz لديه توقعات سيئة بشأن حالة الاقتصاد: «ليس جيدًا في الوقت الحالي»، قال ذلك على قناة CNBC في بودكاست Squawk Pod يوم الخميس. «وآفاق الوضع أنها ستزداد سوءًا.»

فيديو موصى به

انتقادًا لسياسات الرئيس دونالد ترامب الاقتصادية، قال ستiglitz إن أحد أكبر التهديدات لصحة الاقتصاد الأمريكي الهشة هو تراجع الوظائف ذات الياقات الزرقاء، بما في ذلك نقص الأدوار التصنيعية.

«هل تعرف ما حدث للوظائف في التصنيع خلال العام الماضي؟ إنها انخفضت»، قال. «[ترامب] لم ينجح خلال العام الماضي في إعادة الوظائف التصنيعية.»

كشف تحليل للجنة الاقتصادية المشتركة نُشر في وقت سابق من هذا الشهر أن هناك 108,000 وظيفة تصنيع أقل العام الماضي، وهو تقريبًا ضعف التقدير الذي أظهره بيانات مكتب إحصاءات العمل في نوفمبر، والتي وجدت انخفاضًا بمقدار 59,000 وظيفة. تظهر بيانات الوظائف من فبراير 2025 حتى الشهر الماضي خسارة إجمالية قدرها 166,000 وظيفة ذات الياقات الزرقاء، والتي تشمل أيضًا البناء والتعدين والتخزين. أشار ستiglitz إلى أن الرسوم الجمركية كانت سببًا وراء الانهيار.

«الانخفاض في وظائف الياقات الزرقاء أكبر حتى»، تابع. «وأنت تنظر إلى أين زادت الوظائف في الولايات المتحدة—الرعاية الصحية. هل لهذا علاقة بالرسوم الجمركية؟ لا.»

(لاحظ ستiglitz أن نمو قطاع الرعاية الصحية هو نتيجة لزيادة عدد الأشخاص الذين يتقدمون في العمر، وهو أقل اعتمادًا على الاتجاهات الاقتصادية الكلية الأوسع.)

شركات أمريكية مثل فورد أطلقت إنذارات بشأن نقص العمالة ذات الياقات الزرقاء. قال الرئيس التنفيذي جيم فارلي إن نقص العمالة ذات الياقات الزرقاء لن يكون خبرًا سيئًا فقط لصناعة التصنيع، بل أيضًا لصناعة التكنولوجيا الأوسع، حيث سيؤدي ذلك إلى تباطؤ بناء مراكز البيانات.

ادعت البيت الأبيض في بداية ولاية ترامب الثانية أن التصنيع عاد «بقوة» تحت إدارته، مع ادعاء الرئيس أن استراتيجيته الحمائية العدوانية ستكون محفزًا لإعادة التصنيع في أمريكا من خلال تثبيط الإنتاج الأجنبي. هذه الجهود الآن مهددة.

حكمت المحكمة العليا يوم الجمعة بعدم قدرة إدارة ترامب على فرض رسوم جمركية بموجب قانون Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers Powers 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